Honourable Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

As the Supreme Assembly begins the fourth legislative year of its 21st congregation, I offer my respectful greetings and my best wishes of success. I am very pleased and honoured to be able to speak before this august body today.

In my address to you on the same special occasion last year, I had elaborated at length on the domestic and foreign issues facing Turkey. As I underlined the necessity to overcome these problems, I had also discussed the specific steps that we needed to take in order to pursue our modernization project. 

This year, I would like to give you my assessment on a number of important and urgent issues that are on the agenda of our country and of the Grand National Assembly, within a forward-looking perspective.

As the Turkish Grand National Assembly begins the new legislative year, our world has witnessed a very important development. We condemn in the strongest way, the inhuman terrorist attacks which targeted the United States and costed the lives of many innocent people. I would emphasize once again that we stand together with our friend and ally American nation in their difficult hour. Being a country who suffered most from terrorism, Turkey shares the grief of the American people. 

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

As a country that has always moved forward by drawing strength from the sound foundation and unshakeable principles of the Republic established by our Great Leader, Atatürk, Turkey has now arrived at a crossroads. The problems that we have been grappling with for the past year, have demonstrated that it is necessary for us to take substantial decisions at this juncture without delay.

Turkey is located at the intersection of some of the most troubled regions of the world. This situation creates difficulties in terms of the formulation and conduct of our foreign policy, as well as the implementation of our economic and social policies, and it puts an extra burden on our successive governments. However, as a country that has the national determination and power to elevate its democracy to the highest possible standards, Turkey is doubtless capable of resolving all of its problems within a short period of time.

As we search for solutions to our problems, we should look to the future, not the past, and ask ourselves this question: What kind of Turkey do we want?

Our answer to this question will form our thinking and our vision for the future. I am confident that the entire Turkish nation will give the same answer to this question: A Turkey that has overcome its fundamental problems like poverty, lack of education and corruption, that provides the strongest possible safeguards for individual rights and freedoms, that has become a respectable member of the family of contemporary nations, and enlightened country that is open to progress.

It goes without saying that the constitutional amendments that are being enacted will play an important role in transforming our country in this direction. I am pleased to note that the parliamentary process of amending the constitution is moving forward with constructive contributions from all the parties.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

A peaceful foreign policy, secularism, the rule of law, a free, pluralist and participatory democracy and respect for human rights and freedoms are the basic principles which lie at the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.

Following its proclamation by Atatürk, the new Republic was, for the first time, able to bring the Turkish nation into the fold of the European family of nations, with which it shared a common geography and history, through reforms instituted very rapidly in every field of social life, and on the basis of the same system of values.

The advent of the Republic enabled Turkey to reorganise its legal and social order along Western standards and make important strides towards establishing an open and participatory social system based on such fundamental prerequisites as the freedom of press and freedom of association. Turkey's democratic development and legal system thus entered a dynamic period of evolution.

Turkey's European Union membership is an important link in this chain. The Turkish Republic is determined to work towards creating and sharing a common future with the European Union member countries, a peaceful and bright future in which universal values would reign.

Turkey's European Union membership would represent the achievement of a stage that vindicates the underlying philosophy of our Republic and Atatürk's vision for the future. The adoption of the "Turkish National Program" as a necessary step in the process of European Union membership, should be viewed in this light.

Notwithstanding the fact that the Program is geared towards "Adopting the European Union Acquis", it also represents the clear indication of the determination of the Turkish people, which has chosen upholding and adapting to contemporary values as an indispensable way of life and set it as a constant goal for itself, to pursue the modernization project.

The new phase of modernisation that lies ahead of us requires political, administrative and legal reforms.

In order to accomplish this, we must develop libertarian constitutional and legal rules and safeguards that strike a balance between the duties and authorities of various state organs and promote the supremacy of the state of law.

Within the past two weeks, the Turkish Grand National Assembly has carried out a historic duty with the constructive contribution of the political parties. The enactment of the proposed constitutional amendments as a result of an intense parliamentary effort should be seen as an important step towards making our Constitution a more libertarian and participatory document with better safeguards.

I offer my congratulations to the Honourable Speaker and the Distinguished Members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly for having successfully fulfilled this task with a superior sense of responsibility. This constitutional amendment has already taken its honourable place in the annals of the Grand National Assembly.

Constitutions define the legal structures of states at the highest level. For that reason, they also reflect the evolution of states. From that viewpoint, constitutions are living documents. The latest constitutional amendments amount to an historical step. I believe that our parliament will continue to take such momentous steps in the future as well, in order to respond to changing needs.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

In order to attain a transparent state administration, the whole subject of legislative immunity and the rules governing the investigation of Members of the Council of Ministers, must be reviewed.

The purpose of legislative immunity is to enable Members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly to perform their legislative duties without facing any criminal implications or the possibility of being penalized. Hence, for the purposes of parliamentary immunity, it is both required and sufficient that Members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly are not held accountable for the votes they cast or the opinions they express in the course of their parliamentary activities, or for repeating or advocating such opinions outside the Assembly.

However, it should not be necessary for the Grand National Assembly to lift the immunities of those Members, against whom charges have been brought for their activities that fall outside the sphere of legislative unaccountability, so that they can stand trial.

In cases where the Grand National Assembly refuses to lift the immunity of a Member facing such charges, the failure to bring the Member in question to trial creates a contradiction with the principle of equality in penal justice and leads to the emergence of precedents that tarnish the image of the Supreme Assembly.

In addition to the Constitution, fundamental laws should also be amended in accordance with the changing circumstances. Foremost among these are the Political Parties Law and the Electoral Law.

As indispensable elements of our democratic political life, the political parties have assumed a leading role in laying the groundwork for a pluralist political structure, in promoting a political culture, and in enabling the people to participate in politics. In this vein, achieving intra-party democracy and making financial resources of parties transparent are important for the healthy functioning of political parties. It is also important to make sure that the culture of compromise, which forms the essence of contemporary democracies, is cultivated and firmly implanted in society. For that reason, we must engage in a thorough self-criticism and rebuild the communication between civil society and parliament on sound foundations.

Finally, I deem it a duty to share with you an observation regarding the structure of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. As you know, the 1982 Constitution set the number of seats of the Grand National Assembly at 400. This figure was increased to 450 in 1987, and to 550 in 1995. I am of the opinion that by decreasing this number back to 400 as stipulated in the 1982 Constitution, we can make the functioning of the Assembly more efficient. Such a reduction would also satisfy a major expectation of the people. It may be useful to envisage this amendment to be effective from the election following the next election, in order to avoid any possible complications.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Turkey faces the task of taking substantial steps towards improving human rights, and eliminating human rights violations by eradicating negative practices in this field. It is necessary not to give way to practices that may provide justification for the criticisms levelled against Turkey on the matter of human rights. Legal and administrative arrangements alone are not sufficient to protect and safeguard human rights. It is equally important to make sure that all relevant officials are properly educated on the subject and to eliminate any misconduct, negligence or ill-will that give rise to problems in this area.

Today, the subject of human rights has acquired international dimensions and it has a direct bearing on foreign policy as well as domestic law. Respect for human rights is the common denominator of all pluralist and democratic societies. I wish to remind this august body that in order to have human rights fully exercised in our country, we must adapt the relevant provisions of the United Nations and Council of Europe conventions to our national legislation to the required and adequate degree.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Democratic societies are based on fundamental rights and freedoms. In such societies, the duty of the state is to protect and advance fundamental rights and freedoms. The freedom of thought and, in particular, the right to express it freely, are among the most important fundamental rights. One of the normal ways of exercising the freedom of thought and the right to express it is to make use of the press.

Contemporary constitutions treat freedom of the press as a special form of fundamental rights and freedoms, with regard to the fact that press plays a key role in the dissemination of thoughts.

Article 26 of the 1982 Constitution states that the right to express and disseminate thoughts includes the freedom to receive and impart information and ideas, whereas Article 28 stipulates that the press is free, and that the State shall take the necessary measures to ensure freedom of the press and freedom of information.

Freedom of the press is a freedom that complements the right to express thoughts and allows it to be exercised. The freedom of thought includes the right to disseminate and receive thoughts and opinions, as well as the right to express thoughts freely. For these reasons, freedom of the press should also be evaluated in light of the right of readers, viewers and listeners to receive information and to learn about others opinions.

The right to receive or disseminate information or the right to have access to information, cannot be regarded as the individual rights of readers, viewers or listeners. These are collective rights and freedoms.

In democratic societies, the function of the press is to make statements, to provide news and information, to shape public opinion by offering criticism or value judgements, and to enlighten the society on events or matters of public interest.

Because press has such an important function, freedom of the press must be protected against both public and private forces. In this context, I must reiterate the fact that it is the duty of the State to establish effective limits in order to prevent the emergence of press and information monopolies and to take the necessary measures that will preserve the pluralist character of the press and information sector. This duty also includes taking steps that will ensure the continuation of independent and impartial press and broadcasting activities.

On the other hand, it is incumbent upon press and information institutions to act responsibly, in the knowledge that freedom of the press is meant to help them carry out this social duty.

The events that transpired in the recent past have shown that it is always possible to have a clash between freedom of the press, which is stipulated as a fundamental right in the Constitution and laws, and personality rights. Striking the proper balance in this field is as much the responsibility of press and information institutions as of the State.

Although democratic societies regulate and protect both freedom of the press and personal rights as fundamental rights and freedoms under constitutional safeguards, there can be no room for hesitation on the fact that personality rights form one of the boundaries of freedom of the press. While press is an indispensable prerequisite of a democratic society, individuals represent the societys building blocks and are the reason for its existence. 

As press carries out its duty of shaping public opinion and enlightening society on matters of public interest, it has the obligation to disclose events concerning public interest, and offer news and information, assesments and criticisms on such events. However, such events may frequently involve certain individuals. In such cases, press must be careful to make sure that its disclosure, coverage or criticism of the event does not infringe upon the personality rights, the right to privacy, and professional or commercial reputation of the individuals in question, or inflict material or moral harm on them.

Finally, we must not lose sight of the fact that freedom of the press entails a sense of responsibility that places utmost respect on individuals and individual rights and freedoms and upholds all democratic institutions and rules.

Mr.Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

The principal way of ensuring economic development and increasing the level of social welfare is to create a strong economy, which is capable of working within its own dynamics. 

An atmosphere of pessimism about the future of the Turkish economy is being observed among all segments of the Turkish society.

Today, the Turkish economy is passing through a transitional period. Uncertainties about the future of our economy pose significant obstacles to establishing an atmosphere of confidence. These facts make it difficult to build up the macro economic balances in the economy.

For this reason, Turkey's priority is to overcome the current problems arising from the existing economic situation; namely, unemployment, poverty, low income, high level of inflation, and unjust distribution of national income. 

Our main objective should be to make the necessary strides, in parallel with the economic and social development of our country, which will enable our people to live in a social order guided by the universal values of the contemporary world and to look to the future with confidence.

There are strong indications that the world is entering a period of economic recession. We not only have to cope with the problems nations are facing as a result of the globalisation process that has been gaining speed in the aftermath of the Cold War, but must also brace ourselves for the impact of an economic crisis of global proportions. In our economic planning, we cannot fail to take these factors into consideration.

Today, while external demand and export opportunities are decreasing the world over, the rate of unemployment, poverty and the gap between the haves and the have-nots are increasing. Deepening economic disparities between and within nations and the grossly unfair distribution of national income hamper the resolution of economic and social problems. 

In addition, growing questions over the efficiency of international monetary system weaken the credibility of the global economic order and strengthen anti-globalisation movements. 

The emerging recession in advanced economies such as the United States of America, Japan and European Union countries, which is likely to have a domino effect, inevitably has negative implications for our country as well. These negative circumstances have been exacerbated by the terrorist attacks that were perpetrated in the United States of America on 11 September.

Turkey has been passing through a difficult period for the past year. The decrease in the level of our economic activities and GNP is of concern. My sincere belief is that measures adopted by our Government with the support of the Turkish National Grand Assembly will reverse this negative trend in the economy.

We have not yet overcome the difficulties facing us. However, the solidarity and self-sacrifice displayed by the entire Turkish nation during these hard times give me ample confidence that we will be able to settle our economy on a stronger foundation in the near future. I am very happy to witness the support extended by our people to the initiatives launched by our Government and civic organizations with a view to restoring the credibility and strength of our national currency vis-ˆ-vis foreign currencies. 

We must not be motivated by daily considerations while trying to find solutions to our economic problems. It is necessary for us to give a new direction to our economy with a long term strategy and in a planned manner. We must have a well-defined, supra-governmental strategy to achieve economic growth and let this strategy guide our economy. 

While we keep up our efforts to integrate with the international economic system, we should give priority to increasing the competitiveness of our economy and strengthening its domestic production capacity. I am convinced that this approach is the most rational way of overcoming the problems stemming from the globalisation process. 

I believe it would also be useful to re-examine the role and efficiency of the agricultural and public sectors which are the traditional backbones of our economy. 

Agriculture is important not only from the viewpoint of feeding our population, but also in terms of its share in our total export volume. Nor can we disregard the positive role public sector has played in the development of our national economy for 78 years. In the same vein, it is important that we search for more efficient ways of exploiting our natural resources.

Our public tender system, which has impeded the transparency of the administration in Turkey during the recent years and is now being widely debated, must be harmonised with the European Union standards. These arrangements should be completed as soon as possible, so that our national legislation can begin to use the European Union procedures, especially in the field of public tenders, otherwise known as "State tenders". The arrangements must be designed in such a way as to open the tender process to free competition among all potential participants. The legal basis for the tender system should be built on the principles of transparency, objectivity and indiscrimination, to allow fair competition.

Shipping is another key sector which plays a leading role in opening our economy to foreign competition and integrating it with the international trading system. As an important maritime nation, we must work harder to protect and develop our maritime sector.

The process of integration with the European Union makes it necessary for us to increase the competitiveness of our national maritime trade fleet vis-ˆ-vis those of European Union countries.We must prevent further shrinking of our maritime fleet, which is facing increased difficulties as a result of the latest economic crisis, put it back on a course of growth again, and decrease our dependence on foreign fleets to the extent possible.

Next year, most members of the European Union will adopt a single currency and a "Euro" zone will come into existence in Europe. Therefore, we should start taking the necessary steps to integrate our economy with the European economies without delay. 

Today, foreign direct investments play a decisive role in the growth, diversification and competitiveness of an economy. Accordingly, we must eliminate all administrative obstacles and provide the required incentives to encourage the flow of foreign direct investments into our country. I hope that the measures being taken by our Government in this direction will contribute to the efforts aimed at improving our present economic conditions. 

I would to like to reiterate that today, our country is at an important crossroads. The difficult circumstances in which we find ourselves make it more important than ever for us to preserve our national unity and solidarity.

All segments of our society and all Turkish citizens have responsibilities in overcoming the current economic problems. As I pointed out on other occasions, we should leave our personal interests aside and give priority to the future of our country and to public interests, and disregard rumours circulated by profit-motivated interest groups.

Mr.Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

The cost of corruption to our economy and to our society is very high. Corruption discourages confidence in the political system, impedes the flow of foreign direct investment to our country and hampers the functioning of the economic system. 

The Turkish society has high expectations from the Turkish Grand National Assembly in terms of fighting corruption and creating transparency in administration. The Grand National Assembly, which embodies the national will, should take the leading role in this process and establish the necessary legal framework. Such parliamentary action will not only satisfy the Turkish people's desire to create a clean society, but will also help redress the negative image which certain circles abroad have about Turkey.

Transparency and effective supervision are essential in combatting corruption in the administration. It is not only the Government's responsibility to eliminate corruption once and for all and to create a clean society. Private sector and all Turkish citizens also have a responsibility in this respect. Conscious and motivated citizens will be the guardians of the clean society we yearn for.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

While I am talking about reorganisation which will provide the functioning of the economy on sound bases, I think it will be useful to mention one more point.

As you know, Article 2 of our Constitution stipulates that the Republic of Turkey is a social state governed by the rule of law.

According to Article 5, the fundamental aims and duties of the state are; to ensure the welfare, peace and happiness of the individual and society; to strive for the removal of political, social and economic obstacles which restrict the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual in a manner incompatible with the principles of justice and of the social state governed by the rule of law; and to provide the conditions required for the development of the individuals material and spiritual existence.

In the justification of Article 5, it is stresssed that the state is also responsible for ensuring the peace of the nation and the happiness of its citizens, as well as facilitating the living conditions of the individual and that it is the duty of the social state to ensure that the individual lives in an environment befitting "human dignity." 

The social state is one that does not allow the individual to suffer from economic hardships, one that is responsible for establishing social justice and balance, and genuine equality, by protecting the weak against the strong. 

The fundamental goals and duties of the social state include looking after the social rights and minimum living conditions of individuals, so that they may live in welfare, peace and happiness.

The social state is one that does not only ensure the peace and welfare of individuals but also guarantees them. In this respect, the social state must also take the necessary measures to prevent unemployment and ensure the fair distribution of national income.

The State, owing to its social character, must establish a balance between the individual and the society, regulate the labour-capital relationship in a balanced manner, and protect the working people by taking economic, financial and social measures that will both allow them to live in dignity and the labour sector to flourish, while providing a secure business environment in which private enterpreneurs can work with confidence.

Mr.Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Since last March, we have achieved significant progress in many fields concerning the implementation of the National Program and harmonisation with the European Union standards. The timely and resolute implementation of the National Program, which foresees a comprehensive transformation in the political, economic and administrative spheres, will ensure Turkey's integration with Europe and enhance its international standing. I believe that we have to use this historic opportunity well.

In the coming months, the European Union will evaluate the Progress Report concerning Turkey. It is of great importance that we fulfill our commitments before this evaluation, so as not to fall out of the group of candidate countries.

The European Union is expected to determine the countries for accession to the Union at the Copenhagen European Council that will take place in December 2002 and those states are expected to become the new members of the European Union in the year 2004 or 2005. In this respect, we think it is beneficial to start our accession negotiations either in 2003 or before the new members join the Union.

Consequently, our objective at this juncture should be to have the screening process for Turkey launched in 2002 in order to make the opening of accession negotiations easier. We think that the report on Turkey to be prepared by the Commission should be drafted with a balanced approach that can accelerate our prospects for membership and we expect our European friends to have a constructive and supportive attitude in this respect.

The European Union has succeeded in ensuring peace and stability in Europe through a multi-faceted security concept, and demonstrated that conflict and division are not the destiny of Europe. The Members to the Union have preserved their national identity and unity, resolved their disputes through conciliation, increased their welfare, and reconciled their differences with the commonality of interests. A culture of tolerance, solidarity and conciliation has united the peoples of Europe and raised the Continent to the peak of contemporary civilization.

Turkey's membership to the European Union is in line with the founding philosophy of the Republic and the system of values on which it is based. Furthermore, the stability and security of both Turkey and the European Union, as well as their strategic, political, economic, commercial and social interests are mutually complementary. 

Turkey remains the only country that has been an accession candidate for almost two years but is yet to start the negotiations. The opening of the negotiations is dependent upon the fulfilment of the political criteria. The European Union has developed throughout its historical evolution a clear stance on the promotion of democracy and human rights. Turkey, on the other hand, is perceived as a country that has delayed the full implementation of democratisation and human rights, despite being committed to these norms as a member of the Council of Europe.

Turkey's National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis that has been put into implementation by the Government lays down the need for comprehensive transformation. The Programme envisions an approach that would ensure Turkey's harmonisation with the European Union norms, while taking into account the risks and dangers that it faces. Great responsibilities fall upon not only the Government, but also the Parliament and the Nation in realising this project. It is particularly important that the constitutional amendments and the harmonisation legislation that I have mentioned earlier be passed through the Parliament without delay. I would like to congratulate the Turkish Grand National Assembly for its swift action towards this end.

Harmonising the quality, pace and course of transformation in Turkey with the standards of the European Union countries, as well their enlargement calendar, will speed up our reform efforts and make them take hold. On the other hand, postponing our integration with the European Union to an uncertain timeframe could impact our interests in a number of areas ranging from foreign policy to the Customs Union. Our citizens, who strongly support our full membership to the European Union, will be devoid of the European Union's support and solidarity in their efforts to reach current norms and standards. To remain outside the Union will mean that Turkey shall not have a say in the evolution and politics of the European Union. Hence, Turkey's and the European Union's interests may in time diverge.

The values that the Turkish Republic has embraced demonstrate its decisive preference for contemporary civilisation. Now, we must carry out the natural requirements of this choice. First, we must harmonise our legislation and practices in the fields of democracy, rule of law and human rights with the European Human Rights Convention, without any restrictions or citing special cases. Turkey's strides in these areas will strengthen our national integrity, accelerate the development of our civic identity and bring the Turkish citizen to the same platform of rights and responsibilities as that of civilised societies. We have the necessary foundation and experience to make these strides. The essential responsibility of the Turkish Grand National Assembly is to bestow our citizens with the life style they deserve. I believe that the positive work that got under way in our Parliament to that effect will give Turkish politics a new respectability and influence.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

I have just outlined the perspective through which we should achieve our economic and political transformation. I believe that we have to adopt a similar approach, with future in mind, to assess our foreign policy, which is essential to the protection and promotion of our national interests.

Our foreign policy has aimed at finding solutions to various problems, some of which stem from our geographical location and others existing since the beginning of the last century. The ending of the Cold War has unfortunately had a negative effect on stability around Turkey. The problems brought about by the break-up of the Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia still threaten peace and stability.

Besides the Balkans and the Caucasus, the conflicts and uncertainty in the Middle East indicate how challenging Turkey's geography is.

In addition to these regional problems, the threats specific to our world of today, like mounting international terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, illegal mass migration, drug and human trafficking and organised crime, make their way into the agenda of our foreign policy as new elements.

Turkey, in the face of these conflicts and threats, follows policies, which uphold international legitimacy, equity, justice and conciliation, in conformity with Great Atatürk's principles, and thus contribute to enhancing peace, stability and cooperation.

This century is the era of peace, conciliation and cooperation. Turkey, as a defender of these values, will continue to be an important component of stability in its region with its foreign policy.

Turkey is closely interested in the future of Europe. The European Union has entered into a historic transformation by enlargement and restructuring. Our country must not remain outside of this process.

Turkey, in principle, supports the efforts of the European Union towards developing its defence capabilities and the European Security and Defence Policy. In this context, we, as an European Union candidate and a European ally of NATO, would like to contribute to the new defence structure in Europe and to see NATO and the European Union cooperate more closely. We expect Turkey's security concerns and interests to be taken into account by members of the European Union, as a country situated in a sensitive region. Our European partners must know that Turkey's contribution will be decisive for the success of the European Security and Defence Policy.

Here I would like to re-emphasize that, for us, the preservation of the Trans-Atlantic connection with the United States and NATO's leading function in the security of Europe, as well as upholding the principle of indivisibility of security are paramount. The latest tragic events in the United States of America and the decision to invoke Article 5 of the NATO Treaty in the context of the international cooperation to be initiated for combating terrorism, highlight the key role this Organization plays in defence and security. We repeat once again that we stand shoulder to shoulder with our friend and ally, United States of America, in these trying times of theirs. In NATO as well, we have displayed solidarity with the United States, with which we have shared the same values for many years and collaborated to preserve peace and stability. We support the just struggle of the United States against international terrorism.

We would like to further develop our relations with the United States within the framework of the strategic partnership we have forged over the years and on the basis of protecting mutual interests and promoting common understanding. We believe that the Turkish-American cooperation substantially contributes to promotion of peace, stability and welfare in our region.

While it is true that the main sources of instability we face in our region today are the results of the new environment that emerged in the aftermath of the Cold War, it is also a fact that the same environment offers new opportunities for our region. The most striking example of this reality is that relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation that once belonged to opposing camps, have now reached a new phase, which we define as expanded cooperation, or even partnership in certain areas.

Turkey wishes to develop ties of friendship and cooperation with all its neighbours and wants to see interdependence based on mutual interests, rather than conflicts, prevail in its region. The strides we have been making in our relations with our neighbours with a view to forming a belt of friendship and cooperation around Turkey are praiseworthy.

We hope that the momentum gained in Turkish-Greek relations last year will be preserved. We believe that this rapprochement, which answers the aspirations of both nations sharing the same geography, can be translated into a constructive and comprehensive cooperation and that it is possible to resolve all outstanding issues between Turkey and Greece through bilateral negotiations.

The Cyprus issue has remained on top of our foreign policy agenda for the past 50 years. Turkey supports steps towards a lasting solution, which will take into account the realities in the Island and the existence of two equal states and the good offices mission of the UN Secretary General. We are of the opinion that Secretary General should strive for creating a common basis, which is aimed at resuming the negotiation process with a view to reaching a permanent settlement and we will support the steps the Secretary General will take to that end.

On the other hand, as we have been making clear to our European friends at every opportunity, the unilateral entry of the Greek Cypriot Administration into the European Union will jeopardize the chances for a solution of the Cyprus issue and will upset the balance in the Eastern Mediterranean. We hope that the European Union will grasp this fact, sooner rather than later.

Within the context of our relations with our neighbours, I also wish to dwell briefly upon Turkey's ties with Iran. Turks and Iranians are two great peoples that have lived side by side in peace for centuries and contributed to the progress of world civilisation. These two peoples, sharing common cultural characteristics, are in amity with each other. We believe that on this foundation, relations between Turkey and Iran can be further developed on the basis of the principles of mutual respect, non-interference in internal affairs and common interests. With its ample resources, Iran can play a more effective role in regional and international cooperation schemes.

The differences of opinion on the legal status of the Caspian Sea can be overcome through the negotiations being held among the littoral states. The best way for enhancing the welfare of the peoples of the Caspian Basin, which boasts abundant energy resources, is building regional cooperation with the participation of international companies.

A priority issue on our foreign policy agenda is establishment of comprehensive peace and stability in the Caucasus and creation of an atmosphere conducive to regional cooperation. Turkey attaches great importance to the resolution of disputes in the Caucasus, which perpetuate the climate of uncertainty and instability, through peaceful means within the shortest possible time and to integration of the region with the international economic system.

We continue to bring our contrubutions to this end. We believe that the Caucasus Stability Pact which we proposed early in the year 2000 constitutes an appropriate framework through which the region can develop in stability and open up to the outside world.

In this context, we believe that the positive results achieved within the Minsk process and in direct talks between the Presidents of Azerbaijan and Armenia with the aim of finding a solution to the Nagorno Karabakh conflict in accordance with the provisions of international law and based on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan must be further exploited.

We appreciate that the friendly and brotherly state of Azerbaijan is taking steps to realize political and economic reforms as well as integrate with the international community. The fact that she has been recently admitted to the Council of Europe testifies to resolution of Azerbaijan in carrying out political reforms. 

We wish that our neighbour Georgia enters a process of development while maintaining her independence, sovereignty and political unity. We will continue to support our friend Georgia in her efforts in this direction.

Turkey expects that the Republic of Armenia also takes steps towards resolving her differences with her neighbours based on an attitude of goodwill and constructiveness. Maintaining hostilities prevents the development of peace and cooperation in the region.

Therefore, we believe that the statesmen of our neighbour Armenia must act with common sense and in realization of their international responsibilities, thus helping in lessening the tensions in the Caucasus and facilitating the creation of an atmosphere conducive for regional cooperation. 

I wish to stress here the importance we attach to the preservation of the political and territorial integrity of Iraq. Turkey was forced to face the negative consequences of the vacuum of power which emerged in Iraq after the Gulf War and had to make great sacrifices to contain the events in this region which became a terrorist base following the conflict. On the other hand the financial losses that Turkey has incurred as a result of the war have today reached approximately 50 billion Dollars. Therefore, it would not be wrong to say that Turkey is one of the countries that can best evaluate the situation in Iraq. 

We believe that the future of Iraq cannot be imposed from abroad but can only be determined by the Iraqi people themselves. We also believe that the time has come to end the suffering the Iraqi people have been enduring.

We wish to further our ties with our southern neighbour Syria, based on mutually beneficial relations, in every field. We believe that it would be of great benefit if the cooperation we initiated with Syria in the struggle against terror and for establishment of security through the 1998 Adana Agreement could be expanded to become a comprehensive relationship that would benefit the entire region. The recent attacks that have taken place in the USA prove how useful it is to join our powers and capabilities against international terrorism. 

There is no doubt in our mind that the steps being taken in Syria under the leadership of President Basar Esad will contribute to the development of an atmosphere of cooperation and stability in our region.

We are concerned and saddened by the fact that the clashes and tensions in the Middle East are continuing. Since the talks conducted with the purpose of resolving the Israeli-Palestinian dispute were terminated a year ago and have now left their place to tensions, the new situation has negatively affected the entire region. Turkey believes that the only way of ending this uncertainty in the region is the resumption of talks. 

We monitor closely the developments in the Balkans-the gateway of Turkey to Europe-and we actively contribute to the international efforts that aim at the preservation and strengthening of peace and security in this sensitive region.

We have noted with satisfaction that the constitutional reform process in Macedonia has been initiated in accordance with the Framework Treaty. We believe that the respect for the inviolability of international borders and the preservation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of states is a prerequisite for the region to be able to develop in stability. On the other hand, we stress with every opportunity that the protection and furthering of the security and welfare of our kinsmen which have been living in the Balkans for centuries is our utmost priority. 

In the circumstances that we live in today, our foreign policy priorities are not limited to only developing our relations with our neighbours and contributing to the establishment of peace and stability on a regional basis. In our globalizing world, broader horizons beckon Turkish foreign policy . Turkey, having appropriately evaluated the new possibilities that have emerged in the international arena, has taken into her agenda other fields that previously oftentimes could not be addressed due to a lack of means. Serious steps that have been taken in this spirit and with the aim of diversifying and developing our relations with African, Latin American and Asia-Pacific states have yielded promising results for the future of bilateral relations. In this context, the progress we have made in our efforts to solidify relations with the Peoples Republic of China is particularly satisfactory. 

Parallel to the rapid changes we are witnessing in the international arena, there has also been a fast change in the concept and perception of threat. As a matter of fact, a change of the perception of threat is not a phenomenon that is limited to our day and age. However, the speed and dimensions of the changes that took place following the Cold War made it obligatory to re-evaluate the static threat evaluation concept that characterized the 40-45 year period which followed the Second World War. 

Although, today there is a considerable reduction in the threat of war at global and regional levels, our country continues to face multi-dimensional internal and external sucurity problems due to the politico-military uncertainties existing in our region. Our national security has always been an issue of priority and importance.

As in every country, the framework of the legal arrangements which enable the determination of the National Security Policy and the decision-making on national security matters, is defined by the constitution and laws. Nevertheless, in Turkey, a democratic, open and transparent society, it is natural to get benefit from the public opinion's views and tendencies related to national security as it is the case for other issues. Turkey's vast experience demonstrates that keeping the conceptualisation and implementation of national security out of daily and political sonsiderations is a vital condition.

As I mentioned earlier, today, increasingly growing questions such as organized crimes, illegal imigration and human trafficking have been added to the elements already threatening our national security. Turkey is more exposed to these questions compare to other countries, since it is located at the crossing point of a large geography affected by political, economic and social unstabilities. However, we have to deal with these questions more decisively in coordination with the international community and implement necessary measures in a more efficient way. 

The atrocious terrorist attacks perpetrated in the major cities of the United States on 11 September have caused great sorrow and reaction all over the world. We felt deep in our hearts the grief of the lost of thousands of people in these attacks.

It is important that all nations draw the necessary conclusions from these saddening acts, so that such painful moments are not relived in the future. Turkey, as a country that is all too aware of the consequences of terrorism through its own experience, has always stressed the need for international cooperation and solidarity against terrorism.

Bearing in mind that countries cannot overcome the problem of terror relying solely on their national means and capabilities, Turkey has been advocating that they unite their strength and determination on the international scale, and that international organisations such as NATO and the United Nations devise a common front as well as joint mechanisms in the fight against terrorism. Turkey will be insisting on this point.

Following the tragic events in the United States, we believe that the international community will confront terrorism with increased determination and more effective methods. In this fight, common sense requires the weeding out of the bad from the good, and the avoidance of viewpoints based on the so-called "clash of civilisations" guided by certain symbols.

The contacts I made last week with the Heads of State of some countries reveal a unity of understanding in this direction and the existence of a strong political will and determination to ensure the efficient functioning of the international cooperation in fighting against terrorism.

We feel it would be useful to organise an international meeting as quickly as possible so that the methods of fighting terrorism will be effective and permanent. Having considerable accumulated knowledge and experience in the fight against terrorism, Turkey stands ready to mobilise this know-how in the service of the international community in its struggle.

On the other hand, fighting terrorism, which since 1984 has dealt great social and economic harm to the country, continues to be the top priority in our domestic and foreign affairs. Law and order is prevailing in all corners of our country, and terrorism-related violence is under control, due also to the success obtained in that fight.

During our fight against terrorism, our main target has been to preserve the unitary nature of our Republic, its fundamental features and our national unity.

Despite a general decrease in the number of acts by the Terrorist Organisation, and the related number of casualties in the past few years, we still need to be vigilant against terror, for terror may assume new dimensions. Furthermore, the resources and other support made available to terror abroad must be cut off. This is why it is periodically submitted to the will of this august Assembly that the military measures taken by the Turkish Armed Forces against terrorist acts, and the legislative arrangements prevailing in the region be maintained for some time.

I am grateful for the heroic and selfless efforts of the Turkish Armed Forces and other security forces in the fight against terrorism, and for the unity and determination displayed by our nation, as well as the outstanding work of all of our administrative units. I pay tribute to our martyrs, and our heroic veterans. I also thank this august Assembly for its unwavering support and contribution in the fight against terrorism.

With a view to maintaining the success and superiority gained in the fight against terrorism with determination, while at the same time addressing the economic and social problems generated by terrorism in our Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions, achieving developmental equality between these and our other regions and integration in all fields, cutting off the domestic and international resources feeding terror, developing educational and employment opportunities and creating a stable economic structure in the region, the "Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Action Plan" has been put into effect at the beginning of 2000.

In the plan, short-term measures are envisaged for such diverse sectors as public administration, economy, health, education. It is imperative that these measures are properly financed, and are implemented with determination, so that the problems faced by our Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian regions can be swiftly overcome.

On the other hand, reactionary thinking and bigotry continue to threaten our democratic and secular order. This movement, which aims to eradicate all modern gains of the Turkish society in the Republican era, abuses the religion itself. In this respect, it is poised to harm both the constitutional order and democratic development, and Islam, which is a religion of tolerance.

The defining quality of the State of the Republic of Turkey is that secularism, which is characterised as an indispensable aspect of the Republic in the Constitution, is truly embedded in the fabric of the country. Secularism is the foundation and security of democracy, as well as of the freedom of belief and worship. In accordance with the principle of secularism, religion, religious beliefs, or things held sacred in religion, can under no circumstances be allowed to intrude into politics or state affairs, nor can they be used for political or private ends, or to garner influence of any sort. This is enshrined in the Constitution.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

The prevailing political and military environment that emerged after the end of the Cold War requires our Armed Forces to be in a state of readiness to counter new security questions and crises, as well as ambiguities in an effective manner. This is why the principal medium and long term objective of our Armed Forces, which are entering the 21st century with unprecedented strength, is to establish a deterrent, combat-ready, well-trained and capable force structure, equipped with modern, high-tech weapons systems, and strong in firepower rather than numbers. The restructuring efforts of the Turkish Armed Forces are being carried out with due consideration to the political-military environment, the internal and external threats to our country, and the duties enumerated by the Constitution and other laws.

European integration, which is increasingly starting to carry a defense dimension, cannot be complete without the participation of Turkey, with the strongest army in European NATO, a country that puts aside approximately ten percent of its general budget in accordance with Alliance principles, and a country with significant potential in the spreading of security in the Balkans, the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Turkey's determination and insistence on becoming a part of the European Security and Defense Policy rests on this premise. 

The Turkish Armed Forces effectively participate in operations in support of peace in order to contribute to the regional peace and stability, and play an important role in NATO's Partnership for Peace Program.

Turkey has played a founding role in the establishment of the Southeastern European Multinational Peace Force in the Balkans, and the Black Sea Naval Task Force. Furthermore, military training and cooperation agreements have been signed with 40 countries, in the framework of developing military relations with friendly countries.

The civilian-military cooperation capabilities of the Turkish Armed Forces, serving in times of peace and war with the support of our public, is being continuously developed. The new Natural Disasters Search and Rescue Battalion which is a created to further strenghten the successful work of the Turkish Armed Forces in the aftermath of the devastating earthquakes in the past years, is a concrete example of these efforts. 

The Turkish Armed Forces derives its power from its solidarity with the nation. I hereby would like to pay tribute to the important contribution of the Turkish Armed Forces in the dynamics of change, of creativity, and of research and development in our society.

I have no doubt that this august Assembly will continue to show interest and sensitivity to issues regarding the restructuring and modernization of the Turkish Armed Forces, for the attainment of an effective joint operational capability, in order to respond to the geostrategic requirements of the 21st century, bearing in mind the importance and priority that the security of our country and nation carries.

The cornerstone of our defense industry strategy is the domestic production of high-tech weapons and tools, for national security and the secure and stable procurement of the requirements of our Armed Forces. Our defense industry must be dynamic, open to foreign as well as domestic participation, internationally competitive, capable of producing new technology and exporting its products and services. It must be able to enter into balanced cooperation with other countries and institutions, to weather changing political conditions, and to produce for civilian purposes as well. Defense spending must be directed towards the generation of added value for the national economy.

We need to strike a balance between meeting the needs of weaponry and tools of our Armed Forces, and our budgetary considerations. In the framework of the current economic difficulties, the re-articulation within this framework by the Armed Forces of its priorities in its modernisation program without losing our defense effectiveness is appreciated.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

The Republic represents a way of life based on the supremacy of intellect and science.

In order to assure the supremacy of intellect and science, it is necessary to raise competent individuals who are able to think, to express his or her opinions freely and take decisions with responsibility and creating a society mostly made up of such individuals.

Only such competent individuals can adequately measure, question and assess their own actions as well as the actions being taken within the society and take their decisions by filtering them through the prism of intellect. 

The way to raising competent individuals goes through the freedom of thought and the right to express thought freely.

The prerequisite for taking our place among the developed and advanced countries as a society embracing modern and universal principles is to raise the quality of education, and make it widely available.

Democracy requires that each individual in a society have a say on subjects regarding their country. Participation in decision-making is dependent on access to reliable information, the ability to channel that information, and on individuals being able to entertain personal points of view. In this framework, the first condition for understanding democracy and for its widest application in society is education.

We need to adapt our education system to the requirements of the age, in order not be left behind world progress, and to stay competitive.

Given the fact that education starts in the family, we need to realize that any faults in the education system are liable to spill over to the following generations, and therefore strive towards making quality education available to all our citizens, regardless of their age.

An education system that is designed to bring out the creativity of our students and broadening their areas of interests, one that is devoid of dogmas and senseless repetition, will enable us to rear generations able to contribute to science, technology, culture and arts.

We must be pleased with the current state of affairs regarding the new 8-year compulsory education system, initiated with a view to being in harmony with the conditions of our era and raising enlightened individuals.

Now that this new system designed to bring modern educational opportunities to our children in villages or cities is in place with the overwhelming interest and support of the public, our goal must be introducing the 11-year compulsory education. The Turkish nation will stand by our State and lend its support within its means to this campaign, so that our children, who are the guarantee of our future, may receive continuous and high quality education.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

It is an undeniable fact that while our children living in big cities have ample opportunities, our children in Anatolia face various difficulties in receiving education. The first step in achieving equality in education and raising the standards in all corners of the country is to give due credit to the profession of teaching, and to ensure the proper training of our teachers themselves.

However, due to the working conditions and salary policies, young people today go into teaching as one of their last choices, and consequently, teaching, which is most effective when practiced voluntarily, loses its value when pursued as a profession out of necessity.

It is necessary to firstly raise the standards of teacher training, so that we may spread educational services and increase their quality.

The National Campaign in Support of Education has been launched nationwide, with a view to increasing the levels of education and quality of life of our citizens who have been deprived of training and education opportunities.

It is encouraging to see the public support for the campaign, which aims to provide new opportunities, the least of which is to offer reading and writing skills, and in later stages to give vocational training to many of our citizens, who, for various reasons have not attended school, or who are illiterate.

We must support all campaigns aimed at spreading education nationwide, and contribute to raising national awareness to this end.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

I would also like to touch upon the state of our universities at this point. The raising of standards in our institutes of higher learning has become a priority issue. TurkeyÕs attainment of a level of modern civilization depends on the success of its universities.

Universities are institutions of higher education, where reason and science reign, where knowledge is created and presented to the use of society, where free thought is transformed into creative thought. Universities can only fulfill these functions in an atmosphere of free thought. This atmosphere of free thought is the fundamental basis of existence of contemporary democratic universities, where scientific research and studies are performed with ease and opinions are discussed freely.

Therefore, it is important that our universities are transformed into institutions where the culture of democracy, participation and multi-vocality prevail. New horizons have appeared before our youth in the international arena as well as in our own country. For this reason, our national interests dictate that our youth is well-educated so that they can compete and lead a successful life not only in Turkey, but also in any part of the world.

It is a reality that our universities are lagging behind the world's advanced and reputable educational institutions in many respects and have many serious problems that await solutions. First of all, the deficit in good quality teachers must be compensated, the means and benefits available to educational staff should be improved and this venerable profession should once again be made appealing. We should ensure that the educational staff that will bring up the new generations is composed of modern, enlightened persons who are devoted to the fundamental principles of the Republic, and who constantly develop themselves and follow the latest developments.

On the other hand, it is essential that the material shortcomings of our universities are overcome, in order to raise educational standards. Higher education institutions that have been established without proper planning, without adequate buildings, equipment and educational staff, result in more damage to society than good.

It should not be forgotten that universities are not merely scientific and educational institutions, but are also places which introduce our young ones to all aspects of social life and prepare them for their future lives in every respect. 

It is imperative that our universities are developed to the level of similar institutions in the West and that they are compatible with international standards, in order to attain the well-educated human resource pool that is the assurance of the future of our country.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Turkey's national security, emerging from its economic crisis and completing its economic development, are all dependent on creating its own technology.

It is very important to rely on indigenous technology to establish an advanced and stable economy. Therefore, our aim should be to increase our national technological level and support the creation of indigenous technology.

Increasing the production of indigenous technology can be achieved by attaching importance to research and development activities and also by developing and implementing policies that will encourage the consumption of locally produced goods.

Today, knowledge, which is one of the decisive factors of globalisation, creates growth and development by guiding our way of life and is more important than ever as a phenomenon that knows no boundaries and is shared by the whole of humanity.

The determinant role of countries that have succeeded in transforming science and technology into social services in our globalised world has become a factor that has induced all countries to work in that direction.

It should not be forgotten that using science for the service of humanity and enabling everyone to equally benefit from it is the fundamental condition of a country's development. Only societies that research, those that are inquisitive and those that contribute to the production of knowledge can become influential in this era of knowledge.

Instead of just following the developments in science and technology, the Turkish Republic should allocate the necessary funds for scientific studies and research with a view to contributing to innovations, thereby speeding up our own modernization efforts.

There is a requirement for people who are open minded and analyze developments with a scientific approach in this era where rapid advances are being made in science and technology.

Providing lasting solutions to the problems we are experiencing is only possible through the superior efforts of our scientists.

Cuts in investments for the production of knowledge or allocating insufficient funds will cause great damage to our society in the long term.

We must attach utmost importance to educating highly qualified people, and make an effort to increase scientific productivity by providing our scientists with every facility they require.

Furnishing our young generations with real, provable knowledge and giving such knowledge the respect it deserves, will influence our social development in multiple ways and greatly contribute to an increase in our national prosperity.

We are duty bound not to lag behind the developments in the world, to become able to produce science and technology, and most important of all to show the Turkish Nation that knowledge, research and being inquisitive are the only way to reach a bright future.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

I would like to touch upon the energy question that has fundamental importance for our country in two aspects, internal and external.

The energy question remains high on our agenda with the inclusion of corruption and malfeasance claims in 2001, on top of the legal, administrative and fiscal problems we faced in this sector in earlier years. Some of these claims against certain officials in the relevant Ministries and affiliated agencies are at investigation phase, while others are under trial. We must maintain our trust in independent judicial organs, refrain from creating any situation that may be interpreted as interference with the legal process and wait for the results of the files that are under trial.

As I stated in my speech last year, despite all the negative factors, the phase we are going through presents us with important opportunities to settle our energy system on a stronger basis. 

Important legal arrangements that will integrate our energy system with those of developed countries have been introduced along the line of the constitutional amendments which had earlier been enacted.

But these changes are not enough. We must support this legal framework with other laws and swiftly proceed to the phase of preparing the rules and regulations necessary for rendering the energy markets functional. At this stage, establishing an Energy Market Board is a priority matter. I am confident that the Council will be formed by reliable and experienced people with adequate knowledge and education in this field.

The year 2001 saw a drop in our energy consumption for the first time. We know that this is mainly due to the economic problems we are facing. We have to develop long term strategies so as not to face an imbalance in electricity supply and demand in the years to come.

Within this context, the ambiguity over 29 electricity production projects to be built by the end of 2002 should be eliminated without delay.

These projects are also important for producing electricity from environment-friendly and renewable resources. 25 of the proposals under consideration are based on such resources.

Similarly, power plants and distribution facilities that are currently operational should be privatised as soon as possible. If not, we will face the problem of finding the resources necessary to improve these facilities.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

In 2001, our efforts to liberalize our energy sector were accompanied by important developments in projects aimed at transporting the energy resources of the Caspian Basin to consumer markets and other projects designed to create additional energy resources.

We are pleased to see that the Aktau-Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Oil Pipeline project is proceeding towards construction phase. After the conclusion of the Host Government Agreement between Turkey, Azerbaijan and Georgia on one hand and the Participants of the Main Oil Pipeline project on the other, in October 2000, the Turnkey and Guarantee Agreements were also signed between the Participants, BOTAŞ and the Treasury, and following the completion of the basic engineering work, detailed engineering work has commenced.

Projects regarding natural gas provision should be completed without any delay, because according to the Natural Gas Market Law, existing gas purchase and sale agreements must be handed over to the private sector by the year 2009. In addition, it is essential that the natural gas underground storage facilities become operational as this is envisaged by the same law.

A 501 km section of the Blue Stream pipeline in Turkey has been completed. Ships that will lay pipes on the bed of the Black Sea have started work.

We expect the Turkish-Iranian natural gas pipeline to enter service this year. Natural gas projects with Egypt and Turkmenistan, which have been dealt with according to the Natural Gas Market Law, should be planned without delay.

It will be in the interest of both countries to swiftly activate the agreement between Turkey and Azerbaijan, which we signed with President Aliyev on 12 March 2001 and which envisages the purchase of natural gas for a period of 15 years. We are happy that the transit country agreement, which constitutes an important phase towards the realisation of this project is signed. 

I would like to conclude my words on energy, by reemphasizing our sensitivity regarding the Turkish Straits. Our country is faced with the duty to protect and preserve the city of İstanbul and our Straits, which are not only an important asset for us, but are also part of the universal culture and among the worldÕs natural wonders. We must hand them over to future generations unspoilt. I am confident that no one would want the Straits to be endangered by turning them into a pipeline.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Our country is faced with different environmental problems such as desertification, pollution of its water resources and seas and on the other hand, is trying to reverse the negative impact of industrialization and unplanned urbanization. We believe that efforts being made by official and voluntary organizations on a national level towards resolving these problems will contribute to the creation of a more hospitable environment. 

It is important that the National Action Plan that was drawn up by the Ministry of Environment and the State Planning Organisation after the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 is fully implemented by all Ministries and agencies.

It is also the responsibility of individuals as much as the state to work towards resolving environmental problems. It is both a humanitarian and a citizenship duty for all sections of society to deal with this matter and discharge their responsibilities regarding environmental problems, the effects of which we daily feel.

The aim of sustainable development is to reconcile the economy and the ecology and to make the resources available to present and future generations. According to this approach, while we satisfy our present needs and implement development projects, we should not destroy the chances of future generations to meet their own needs. 

We should give priority to strengthening the ecological consciousness and implanting the concept of sustainable development. It is our common responsibility to bequeath a beautiful, clean and liveable world to the future generations.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament, 

The concept of ethics, which manifests itself in the shape of positive and virtuous deeds that should be exhibited in every sphere of life, has always been debated in all societies. However, ethical values, as a consequence of experiences and learning acquired throughout human history, have been one of the prerequisites of modernity and good governance.

Ethical values have their peculiar place among principles that shape social life in contemporary societies. 

The only way to form a clean and healthy society is to establish the validity of the rules based on ethical values in all spheres of life, without compromising their meaning and value, and to have them implemented by all institutions of society, starting at the individual level.

Observance of ethical values in political life and a willingness on the part of politicians to respect and uphold these values, will not only contribute to the success of the struggle against corruption, but will also be an indication of our nation's resolve to achieve modernity.

It is difficult to determine the framework of the concept of ethics due to different value judgments. The public has the greatest responsibility in ensuring performance of acts in accordance with ethics. Public opinion is the most effective power in shaping social life. It is impossible for those regimes disregarding the views and thoughts of public opinion to maintain their existence.

The "Political Ethics Law" which defines the concept of transparent state, identifies rules based on ethical values and provides sanctions against actions in contravention of rules has become a priority need.

Success in realising such an initiative will not only increase our respectability among the community of democratic nations, but will also reinforce the confidence of our nation in the state and its institutions.

Turkey's elevation to a higher level in terms of political ethics is an important responsibility of both our society and our politicians.

I welcome the GovernmentÕs continued efforts to prepare a draft law in this area. Undoubtedly, this Supreme Assembly will also demonstrate a common sense approach in the process of enacting the Political Ethics Law. 

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

The solutions to the problems of globalisation that currently face nations, partly require devolution of powers from the central to the local administrations and the strengthening of local administrations. The principle of decentralisation is growing in significance as a democratic value in all developed societies, in particular the European Union countries.

The provision of public services to citizens through the nearest administrative units enables more effective and faster solutions to problems. Indeed, to the extent local administrations can take an active part in solving social problems and providing public services in harmony with the central administration, it becomes easier for the society to make healthy decisions and the problem-solving capacity of democracy is enhanced. 

It is generally accepted in our country that local administrations should assume authority and responsibility in many areas which will meet the fundamential needs of our citizens, however, a precondition for the local administrations to be able to provide necessary services, is that they should be endowed with adequate financial resources.

With this understanding in mind, it is time for us to engage in comprehensive efforts to realise the modernisation of our administrative structure and to ensure better functioning of the state at all levels. 

The central administration should assume a guiding, supervisory and monitoring role in this new arrangement.

We must develop our democracy through participatory arrangements and make sure that local administrations have a say in the fulfillment of basic needs of human life.

The realisation of reforms to strengthen local administrations will both enhance democratic participation and make it possible for our citizens to deal more closely with the problems of their own locality. In this way, problems encountered in various areas will be solved swiftly and in a more rational manner.

We believe that a speedy enactment, by amendments where necessary, of the draft law of Local Administrations, which is currently on the agenda of the Supreme Assembly, will help us overcome many problems experienced in this area.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament, 

In my address to the Assembly last year on the occasion of the opening of the legislative term, I explained my views and ideas regarding what I thought should be the main goals of the Turkish Republic until its 100th anniversary. There are problems and opportunities before Turkey on the road to this great anniversary. In the legislative year 2001-2002, I would like to briefly touch upon some important subjects that I consider to be related to the orderly and harmonious functioning of state organs.

--The most important problem for Turkey in the short term is to make sure that the national economy is restored to health following the crisis it has been through. In this regard, it is of vital importance for the economic programme prepared by our government, which enjoys political and social support, to be implemented in a determined manner and to be successful. It is also important to create a climate of confidence in the economy and to maintain national unity and solidarity to overcome economic problems. The economy is the foundation of all elements of national power including defense. I sincerely believe that Turkey, as in the past, will overcome its economic problems in this period without compromising its national interests. 

--The full membership of Turkey in the European Union is one of the leading goals of our country. Membership in the Union will require an intensive and effective endeavour. This is important not only from the perspective of full membership, but also for TurkeyÕs political, social and economic development in a disciplined manner and for it to take its place as a regional power among the worldÕs advanced countries. Naturally, the achievement of the short and medium term goals indicated in the National Programme will be a determining factor. I believe it is necessary for Turkey to commence full membership negotiations with the European Union sufficiently in advance of the Intergovernmental Conference of the European Union to held in 2004. 

--In this process, it is very important to embark on deep-running, comprehensive and swift constitutional, legal and structural transformations and improvements that will meet our countryÕs political, social and economic needs and to institute reforms in various areas, in particular the adoption of universal standards in our judicial system. This effort must be carried out both in connection with, and independently of the European Union membership process, by preserving our constitutional characteristics, by observing the principles of a state of law, by respecting human rights, and by fulfilling all the requirements of being a civilised and democratic state. A movement in this direction will both provide an opening for further democratisation and will positively influence the European UnionÕs upcoming Progress Report on Turkey. It is our basic priority to ensure that Turkey realises, without delay, the necessary transformation in its state structure and institutions that will meet the requirements of the age.

--A condition of being an advanced country in our time is to be successful in the struggle against organised crime, corruption and poverty, and to achieve transparency in administration. It is very important to make tangible progress and succeed in the struggle against organised crime, corruption and poverty, in view of the growing sensitivity of public opinion in these matters. 

--In every era of the Republic, Governments have always fulfilled their responsibilities towards the Turkish Grand National Assembly regarding national security and preparation of the Armed Forces for home defence, with competence and self-sacrifice. Uncertainties and risks around Turkey may easily turn into threats. It is therefore vitally important to ensure that our security needs, which nothing can replace, continue to receive priority attention, that the capacity of our armed forces to prevent and deter internal and external threats is enhanced and that Turkey's strategic position is augmented by improving our relations with neighbouring countries in the first place.

Mr. Speaker,

Distinguished Members of Parliament,

Parliaments are the basic institutions of democracy. I believe that the Turkish Grand National Assembly, which has played a leading in adopting reforms and role in cultivating democracy since the War of Liberation, will continue to display the same sensitivity in matters falling within its purview during the hard times that lie ahead. Our Assembly, while carrying out its legislative duties, should also meticulously fulfill its responsibility to supervise the executive branch.

We must defend, safeguard and further develop democracy. The Turkish society is by now fully conscious of the virtues of the democratic system and it advantages. Our task is to bring our political and legal structures in line with this understanding. We must reinforce the values that form the basis of a democratic government and promote a democratic political culture. 

We must not forget that democracy is a continuously evolving concept. Today, we are far ahead of the understanding of democracy that prevailed 20-30 years ago. Therefore, it is important that the structures we will establish are of a nature that does not block development but opens the road to progress and change.

With these thoughts, I once again salute this Assembly respectfully and wish all the best for our nation in the new legislative year.